SECTION 3 The Birth of the Roman Empire Gracchus brothers introduce reforms angry senators kill both Gracchus brothers violence = primary tool of Roman politics leaders recruit personal armies Sulla marches on Rome civil war Sulla establishes dictatorshipġ7 Civil War 87 BCE Gaius Marius takes Rome Land distribution Perennial problem Development of large latifundia Unfair competition for smaller landholdersġ5 The Gracchi Brothers Tiberius and GaiusĪttempted to limit land holdings of aristocrats Assassinated Development of private armies made up of landless peasants Gaius Marius (with reformers) Lucius Cornelius Sulla (with aristocrats) BCEġ3 Imperial Expansion and Domestic Problems Three major wars over Sicilian grain supply Later conflict with declining Hellenistic Empires Rome dominates Mediterranean by middle of 2nd C. BCE Expansion via military threat and incentives Tax exemptions Trade privileges Citizenshipġ2 The Punic Wars Conflict with Carthage, 264-164 BCE SECTION 1 Founding the Roman Republic controlled government inherited power farmers / workers barred from office Patricians Plebeians majority barred from office landowners noblesĭominated Etruscans Took over iron industry 5th-4th c. BCE Yet 6-month appointments of dictators BCE Plebeians allowed to elect tribunes for representation Rights expanded through 3rd c. Streets, temples, public buildings Major center of trade routesĥ09 BCE Romans overthrow last Etruscan king Roman forum built Republican constitution Executive: 2 consuls senateĩ Social Conflict Patricians (aristocrats) Plebeians (commoners)
BCE Greek maritime attacks Celtic invasions from northħ The Kingdom of Rome Monarchy through 7th-6th c. 900 BCEĦ The Etruscans Originally from Anatolia Colonized Roman regions Indo-European migrants c BCE Bronze c BCE, Iron c.
Presentation on theme: "Augustus Primaporta, Pax Romana (Roman"- Presentation transcript:ĬHAPTER 7 The Roman World Augustus Primaporta, Pax Romana (Roman The Roman Worldĥ Establishment of Rome Legend of Romulus and Remus Rome Founded 753 BCE
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